2026-02-20
Parameter descriptions
Parameter abbreviations with unit: CL/F (L/h)
Parameter labels (optional): \(\theta_1\)
Parameter descriptions: Apparent central clearance
Footnotes:
Parameter values:
Point estimates
Uncertainty (i.e., precisions or imprecisions)
Standard error (SE)
Relative standard error (RSE)
95% confidence interval (CI)
.extIteration=-1000000000.Back-transform model parameters for interpretability
For example, if a parameter is modeled in:
log scale (log-transformation):
Commonly use, natural bound of 0.
NONMEM: CL=EXP(THETA(1)+ETA(1)).
Back-transform: report \(e^{\theta_1}\) instead of \(\theta_1\).
logit scale (logit-transformation):
Commonly use, natural bounds between 0 and 1.
NONMEM: F=EXP(THETA(1)+ETA(1))/(EXP(THETA(1)+ETA(1))+1).
Back-transform: report \(\frac{e^{\theta_1}}{e^{\theta_1}+1}\) instead of \(\theta_1\).
.cov
.ext row Iteration=-10000000001.\[ \begin{bmatrix} \mathbf{x_{11}} & x_{12} & x_{13} & \dots & x_{1n} \\ x_{21} & \mathbf{x_{22}} & x_{23} & \dots & x_{2n} \\ \vdots & \vdots & \vdots & \ddots & \vdots \\ x_{d1} & x_{d2} & x_{d3} & \dots & \mathbf{x_{dn}} \end{bmatrix} \]
If a parameter is modeled in
Normal scale: \(RSE=\frac{SE}{\hat{\theta}} \times 100\%\)1
Log scale: \(RSE=sqrt(e^{SE^2}-1)\)
Logit scale:
\(RSE=\frac{SE}{\hat{\theta}} \times 100\%\) (may not appropriate)
\(RSE=\frac{SE^{*}}{\hat{\theta^{*}}} \times 100\%\) (more accurately)
\(\hat{\theta^{*}} = \frac{e^{\hat{\theta}}}{e^{\hat{\theta}}+1}\)
\(SE^{*}=SE \times \hat{\theta^{*}}\times (1-\hat{\theta^{*}})\) (Delta method)
Iteration=-1000000000 in .ext).CL=TVCL* EXP(ETA(1))CL=TVCL+ETA(1)F=EXP(THETA(1)+ETA(1))/(EXP(THETA(1)+ETA(1))+1)\[ \begin{bmatrix} VAR_{p1} & COV_{p1,p2} \\ COV_{p2,p1} & VAR_{p2} \\ \end{bmatrix} \]
Combined error model: Y = IPRED*(1+EPS(1))+EPS(2)
.shk